Resumen El cruzamiento permite aprovechar las diferencias genéticas aditivas entre razas, también permiten hacer uso de la heterosis y de la complementariedad. Por lo tanto, se necesita generar información de la eficacia de las cruzas en comparación con las razas puras, bajo las condiciones de interés. El objetivo fue cuantificar el impacto de los efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivo para días a primer estro (DPE), días a primer servicio (DPS), días abiertos (DA), servicios por concepción (SPC), intervalo entre partos (IP) y duración de la gestación (DG). Se utilizó la información productiva y genealógica de hembras provenientes de un dialelo entre Holstein (HO) y Suizo Pardo (SP), un total de 148 vacas de las razas HO (n=43), SP (n=64) y sus cruzas reciprocas HO-SP (n=20) y SP-HO (n=21). Se utilizaron contrastes para estimar la heterosis individual y las diferencias entre los efectos genéticos directos y entre los efectos genéticos maternos con base en los modelos de Dickerson. Los resultados mostraron que la heterosis y las diferencias entre los efectos maternos no fueron significativos (P>0.05) para ninguna de las características estudiadas. Las diferencias entre efectos genéticos directos solo fueron importantes (P<0.05) para SPC y DG. En conclusión, la heterosis generada por el cruzamiento entre HO y SP no influyó sobre la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras. Los efectos maternos no fueron diferentes entre HO y SP. Los efectos genéticos directos para SPC y DG favorecieron a la raza SP.

Abstract Crossbreeding allows taking advantage of additive genetic differences between breeds, they also allow making use of heterosis and complementarity. Therefore, it is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of crosses compared to pure breeds under the conditions of interest. The objective was to quantify the impact of additive and non-additive genetic effects for days to first estrus (DFE), days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), services per conception (SPC), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL). The productive and genealogical information of females from a diallel between Holstein (HO) and Brown Swiss (BS), a total of 148 cows of the breeds HO (n=43), BS (n=64) and their reciprocal crosses HO-BS (n=20) and BS-HO (n=21), was used. Contrasts were used to estimate individual heterosis and differences between direct genetic effects and between maternal genetic effects based on Dickerson models. The results showed that heterosis and differences between maternal effects were not significant (P>0.05) for any of the traits studied. Differences between direct genetic effects were only important (P<0.05) for SPC and GL. In conclusion, the heterosis generated by the crossbreeding between HO and BS did not influence the reproductive efficiency of females. Maternal effects were not different between HO and BS. Direct genetic effects for SPC and GL favored the BS breed.

Abstract Introduction: Early childhood is a critical stage for mental health, and it is necessary to have effective tools for early detection of child behaviours related to psychopathology. Objective: to assess the psychometric properties of the Brief Infant and Toddler Social-Emotional Evaluation Scale (BITSEA) in a sample of Chilean children. Methods: 289 parents of infants and toddlers aged 12-36 months completed the BITSEA and the CBCL 1½-5. Results: Acceptable reliability was found for the "socioemotional problems" dimension (ω=0.84), and low reliability for the "socioemotional competence" subscale scores (ω=0.59). The factor structure was adequate and high concurrent validity with other scales was observed. The confirmatory model showed acceptable fit indices (CFI= 0.94; TLI= 0.94; SRMR= 0.07; RMSEA= 0.027). Conclusion: The BITSEA in this sample showed similar results to other studies, its applicability is promising for the early detection of socioemotional problems in early childhood. It is suggested to continue its study in a nationally representative sample.

Resumen: Introducción: La infancia temprana es una etapa crítica para la salud mental, por lo que es fundamental contar con herramientas eficaces para detectar tempranamente conductas infantiles relacionadas con psicopatología. Objetivo: Investigar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Evaluación Socioemocional Breve de Infantes y Niños (BITSEA) en una muestra de infantes chilenos. Método: 289 padres de niños y niñas de entre 12 y 36 meses de edad completaron la BITSEA y el CBCL 1½-5. Resultados: Se encontró una confiabilidad aceptable para las puntuaciones de la subescala "problema socioemocional" (ω=0.84), y una confiabilidad baja para las puntuaciones de la subescala "competencia socioemocional" (ω=0.59). La estructura factorial fue adecuada y se observó una alta validez concurrente con otras escalas. El modelo confirmatorio mostró índices aceptables (CFI= 0.94; TLI= 0.94; SRMR= 0.07; RMSEA= 0.027). Conclusión: La BITSEA en esta muestra arrojó resultados similares a otros estudios, su aplicabilidad es prometedora para la detección temprana de problema socioemocional en la infancia temprana. Se sugiere continuar su estudio en muestra nacional representativa.

Abstract Long-term trends of length and mean age at sexual maturity (MLSM and MASM) of female Patagonian hoki Macruronus magellanicus (2001 to 2019) and southern hake Merluccius australis (1989 to 2019) were analyzed in overexploited stocks from the Outer Sea (OS) and Inner Sea (IS) of Chilean Patagonia. The study of the samples was performed by microscopic analysis of the gonads and part of them were analyzed histologically, together with fish otoliths readings. MLSM and MASM were calculated using a generalized linear model. MLSM of hoki in the OS experienced large annual fluctuations, with a difference of 16.2 cm between extreme values. MLSM was 55.3 cm in 2001 and 44.1 cm in 2019. MASM ranged between 2.9 and 4.4 years. In the IS (only one year sampled) precocious maturation was found in females between 32 cm and 35 cm total length (TL). MLSM of southern hake was rather stable within a range of 5.5 cm, from 73.5 cm TL in 1989 to 73.9 cm in 2019. MASM ranged between 10.4 and 11.6 years. MLSM in the IS was 4.5 cm TL lower than in the OS in the three years of sampling. Life history information of these species suggests that favorable environmental conditions in the IS allow them to reach MLSM earlier than in the OS.

Resumen Se analizó la tendencia a largo plazo de la longitud y edad media de madurez sexual (MLSM y MASM) de hembras de merluza de cola Macruronus magellanicus (2001 a 2019) y de merluza del sur Merluccius australis (1989 a 2019), en stocks sobrexplotados del Mar Exterior (OS) y Mar Interior (IS) de la Patagonia chilena. El estudio de las muestras se realizó mediante el análisis microscópico de las gónadas y parte de ellas se examinó histológicamente, junto con la lectura de otolitos. La MLSM y MASM se calcularon con un modelo lineal generalizado. La MLSM de la merluza de cola en el OS experimentó grandes fluctuaciones interanuales, con una diferencia de 16,2 cm entre los valores extremos, desde 55,3 cm longitud total (TL) en 2001 hasta 44,1 cm en 2019. El rango de la MASM fue entre 2,9 y 4,4 años. En el único año muestreado en el IS, se determinó maduración precoz en merluza de cola entre 32 y 35 cm TL. La MLSM en la merluza del sur mostró estabilidad dentro de un rango 5,1 cm, desde 73,5 cm TL en 1989 hasta 73,9 cm en 2019. La MASM presentó un rango desde 10,4 a 11,6 años. En los tres años muestreados en el IS, la MLSM fue menor en 4,5 cm TL al comparar con el OS. La información disponible sobre la historia de vida de estas especies sugiere que las favorables condiciones ambientales en el IS les permitirían alcanzar más tempranamente la MLSM que en el OS.

Abstract: The media are fundamental in reproducing global ideas and visions on climate change. This study sought to analyze the social imaginaries of youth in relation to climate change in four digital media. 193 news items published from September 2012 to December 2020 were identified conducting a thematic content analysis. Imaginaries found had different degrees of crystallization: traditional imaginaries linked to institutions, violence, and climate vulnerability; alternative imaginaries, highlighting scientific youth, Greta Thunberg, and peaceful protest, and instituting imaginaries, exhibiting a youth aware of environmental inequity, activist, and capable of offering solutions. The challenge is posed for social communicators and researchers to transcend punitive and adult-centric visions of youth to others that recognize their leadership and contributions to climate action.

Resumen: Los medios de comunicación son fundamentales a la hora de reproducir ideas y visiones globales sobre el cambio climático. Este estudio buscó analizar los imaginarios sociales de la juventud en relación con el cambio climático en cuatro medios digitales de prensa escrita. Se identificaron 193 noticias publicadas desde septiembre de 2012 hasta de diciembre de 2020, realizándose un análisis de contenido temático. Se identificaron imaginarios en distinto grado de cristalización: imaginarios tradicionales vinculados con las instituciones, la violencia y la vulnerabilidad climática; imaginarios alternativos, en los que destaca la juventud científica, Greta Thunberg y la manifestación pacífica, e imaginarios instituyentes, que muestran a una juventud consciente de la inequidad ambiental, activista y capaz de ofrecer soluciones. Se plantea el desafío para comunicadores e investigadores sociales de trascender las visiones punitivas y adultocéntricas de la juventud a otras que reconocen sus liderazgos y aportes a la acción climática.

Resumo: Os meios de comunicação social são fundamentais na reprodução de ideias e visões globais sobre a mudança climática. Este estudo procurou analisar os imaginários sociais da juventude em relação à mudança climática em quatro mídias digitais de imprensa escrita. Foram identificadas 193 notícias publicadas desde setembro de 2012 até dezembro de 2020 através de uma análise de conteúdo temático. Foram identificados imaginários em diferentes graus de cristalização: imaginários tradicionais ligados a instituições, a violência e a vulnerabilidade climática; imaginários alternativos, destacando a juventude científica, Greta Thunberg e manifestação pacífica; e instituindo imaginários, exibindo uma juventude consciente da desigualdade ambiental, ativista e capaz de oferecer soluções. Há um desafio para os comunicadores sociais e pesquisadores de transcender as visões punitivas e centradas nos adultos dos jovens para aqueles que reconhecem a sua liderança e contribuições para a ação climática.

ABSTRACT The influence of the soil cover of the watershed that contributes to a watershed on the Barra Grande Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir (subtropical, elongated, and “canyon”) was carried out through mathematical modeling (MGB-IPH for flows, HEC-RAS for water quality, and IPH -ECO for reservoir simulation). Simulation modeling of land cover change showed that replacing forests with other uses caused an increase in flows and loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and replacing other uses with forests resulted in a reduction in flows and loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The magnitude of the nutrient load anomaly is associated with the degree of alteration caused in the process of transforming precipitation into surface runoff, terrain slope, soil types, and land use practices. The watershed has shallow soils in 86% of its area, with steep slopes at the headwaters, which facilitates the flow into the reservoir. Positive anomalies were estimated when agriculture replaces other uses and negative anomalies when agricultural areas are replaced. The nutrient load that reaches the reservoir is related to the degree of change in the process of transforming precipitation into surface runoff, the slope of the terrain, the types of soil, and land use practices adopted. There is thermal stratification in the deepest portion, with mixing in winter, where the operation of the plant can influence the mixing in the water column, with opposite effect between the region close to the dam and the other regions further away from the dam, depending on the conditions of temperature, flow, and residence time. Knowledge of structure and function is important to improve reservoir management.

RESUMO A influência da cobertura/do uso do solo da bacia hidrográfica sobre o reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Barra Grande (lago artificial alongado, profundo em ambiente de cânion) foi analisada por meio de modelagem matemática utilizando o modelo de grandes bacias (MGB-IPH) para estimativa de vazões, o HEC-RAS para qualidade da água e o IPH-ECO na simulação do reservatório. A modelagem da simulação da alteração da cobertura do solo mostrou que a substituição de florestas por outros usos causou aumento nas vazões e nas cargas de nitrogênio total e fósforo total, e a substituição de outros usos por florestas resultou em redução nas vazões e nas cargas de nitrogênio total e fósforo total. A magnitude da anomalia da carga de nutrientes está associada ao grau de alteração causado no processo de transformação da precipitação em escoamento superficial, à declividade do terreno, aos tipos de solo e às práticas de uso do solo. A bacia hidrográfica apresenta solos rasos em 86% de sua área, com declividades do terreno acentuadas nas cabeceiras, o que facilita o escoamento para o reservatório. Anomalias positivas foram estimadas quando agricultura substitui outros usos e anomalias negativas quando áreas de agricultura são substituídas. A carga de nutrientes que chega ao reservatório está relacionada ao grau de alteração no processo de transformação da precipitação em escoamento superficial, à declividade do terreno, aos tipos de solo e às práticas de uso do solo adotadas. Há estratificação térmica na porção mais profunda, com mistura no inverno, quando a operação da usina pode influenciar a mistura na coluna d’água, com efeito oposto entre a região próxima à barragem e as demais regiões mais distantes da barragem, dependendo das condições de temperatura, vazão e tempo de residência. Esse conhecimento é importante para a gestão do reservatório.

Resumen Introducción: la infección por Helicobacter pylori tiene una alta prevalencia y distribución a nivel mundial. Por su asociación con el desarrollo de adenocarcinoma gástrico, las actualizaciones sobre su prevalencia son de interés para el médico internista o gastroenterólogo, así como para la generación de políticas públicas. Este estudio midió la prevalencia de H. pylori y evaluó su asociación con hallazgos endoscópicos e histopatológicos en adultos con indicación de endoscopia de vías digestivas altas (EVDA). Metodología: estudio de cohorte analítica para describir la prevalencia de H. pylori y evaluar factores de riesgo asociados a esta infección en pacientes adultos sometidos a EVDA ambulatoria por cualquier indicación médica en la unidad de endoscopia de un hospital universitario de cuarto nivel de complejidad entre junio y diciembre de 2020. Se describen hallazgos endoscópicos, histopatológicos y la prevalencia de H. pylori. Para explorar los factores de riesgo se usó la prueba chi cuadrado (χ2) para evaluar diferencias en las proporciones y las pruebas t de Student y U de Mann-Whitney para las variables continuas según su distribución. Resultados: 613 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección y fueron incluidos en el análisis. La indicación más frecuente de EVDA fue dispepsia. La prevalencia de H. pylori fue de 38,5% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 34,7%-42,4%). Conclusión: H. pylori es un tema de gran interés en las patologías gastrointestinales. La búsqueda endoscópica debe ser en el antro y cuerpo. Su presencia fue mayor en pacientes con esófago normal, gastritis nodular folicular, úlcera duodenal e inflamación aguda al estudio histológico. Se requieren más estudios que complementen el comportamiento epidemiológico local.

Abstract Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection has a high prevalence and distribution worldwide. Due to its association with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, updates on its prevalence are of interest to the internist or gastroenterologist and policymaking. This study measured the prevalence of H. pylori and evaluated its association with endoscopic and histopathological findings in adults with an indication for upper GI endoscopy (EGD). Materials and methods: This analytical cohort study describes the prevalence of H. pylori and assesses risk factors associated with this infection in adult patients undergoing outpatient EGD for any medical indication in the endoscopy unit of a quaternary care university hospital between June and December 2020. Endoscopic and histopathological findings and the prevalence of H. pylori are described. To explore the risk factors, the chi-square (χ2) test was used to evaluate differences in proportions and the Student’s t and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables according to their distribution. Results: 613 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. The most frequent indication for EGD was dyspepsia. The prevalence of H. pylori was 38.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.7-42.4%). Conclusion: H. pylori is a topic of great interest in gastrointestinal pathologies. The endoscopic search should take place in the antrum and body. Its presence was most common in patients with a normal esophagus, follicular nodular gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and acute inflammation upon the histological study. More studies are required to complement the local epidemiological behavior.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for temporary cardiopulmonary support is one of the most intense and technologically complex therapies offered in medicine. It is a high-risk procedure that requires specific knowledge and technical skills to perform it with good results. Objective: The main goal of this study is to describe our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) training program based on the study of specialized nurses and physicians of a simulation teaching experience, conducted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. The program was developed as a theoretical-practical course with final exam and annual maintenance training sessions, caring for ECMO patients, its implementation and results. Methods: A descriptive study for registered nurses, intensivists, and cardiac surgeons. A self-administered, anonymous, and voluntary survey was conducted to assess the long-term perception about the program. Demographic data to describe the population was required, and questions about satisfaction and confidence in acquired skills and competences were asked. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed; patient survival and complications were compared before and after ECMO program using chi-square test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-four training courses were performed for 68 professionals. More than 88% of the professionals considered the course components to be adequate and complete; and 94% felt trained to manage the ECMO circuit. Most valued activities were workshops and clinical cases. Since the implementation of the training program, 88 patients were assisted, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, higher than in the previous period (P=0.03). Conclusion: More than 80% of the professionals considered the workshops and simulations as the most useful components. Reliance on the circuit care was higher than in training problem scenarios. Since 2013 we assisted 88 patients on ECMO, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, within international standards results.

Resumo As Conferências das Partes funcionam como plataformas transnacionais para planejar e implementar mecanismos de ação climática. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os discursos do Sul Global no contexto da COP25, a fim de desvendar a retórica ambiental dos tomadores de decisão. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo temática em 60 declarações feitas no alto segmento da COP25. Assim, foi possível identificar três retóricas sobre a ação climática: urgente; ética; cooperativa e duas retóricas sobre o regime climático do Sul: a responsabilidade histórica do Norte e a vulnerabilidade como condição que dificulta a ação climática do Sul. Conclui-se que, nos discursos das partes, prevalece uma retórica hegemônica da inação climática, focada em tomadores de decisão, incapaz de envolver outros atores; e reprodutora da lógica atual do regime climático.

Abstract The Conferences of the Parties function as transnational platforms to plan and implement mechanisms for climate action. The objective of this article is to analyze the discourses of the Global South in the context of COP 25, to unveil the environmental rhetoric of decision makers. For this, thematic content analysis was carried out on 60 statements of the high segment of COP25. It was possible to identify three rhetorics about climate action: urgent; ethical; cooperative, and two rhetorics about the climate regime from the South: the historical responsibility of the North and vulnerability as a condition that hinders climate action from the South. It is concluded that within the parties' discourses, a hegemonic rhetoric of climate inaction prevails, one which is focused on decision makers, is unable to implicate other actors, and reproduces the current logic of the climate regime.

Las Conferencias de las Partes funcionan como plataformas transnacionales para planear e implementar mecanismos para la acción climática. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los discursos del Sur Global en la COP25, con el fin de develar las retóricas ambientales de los tomadores de decisiones. Para esto, se realizó un análisis de contenido temático a 60 declaraciones del alto segmento de la COP25. Así, se identificaron tres retóricas sobre la acción climática: urgente, ética y cooperativa, y dos retóricas sobre el régimen climático: la responsabilidad histórica del Norte y la vulnerabilidad como condición que dificulta la acción climática del Sur. Se concluye que en los discursos prevalece una retórica hegemónica de la inacción climática centrada en los tomadores de decisiones, incapaz de implicar a otros actores y reproductora de las lógicas actuales del régimen climático.

Résumé Les Conférences des Parties fonctionnent comme des plates-formes transnationales pour planifier et mettre en ½uvre des mécanismes d'action climatique. L'objectif de ce article est d'analyser les discours des pays du Sud dans le cadre de la COP25, afin de dévoiler la rhétorique environnementale des décideurs. Pour cela, une analyse de contenu thématique a été réalisée sur 60 déclarations faites dans du segment haut de la COP25. Il a été possible d'identifier trois rhétoriques sur l'action climatique: urgent; éthique; coopérative, et deux rhétoriques sur le régime climatique du sud: la responsabilité historique du nord et la vulnérabilité comme condition qui entrave l'action climatique du sud. On en conclut que dans les discours des parties, prévaut une rhétorique hégémonique de l'inaction climatique, centrée sur des décideurs incapables d'impliquer d'autres acteurs; et reproductrice des logiques actuelles du régime climatique.

Resumo: o contrato de venda, pelo seu conteúdo e abrangência, determina a responsabilidade civil contratual nos casos de práticas indevidas e/ou cláusulas abusivas que possam comprometer as obrigações contratuais pactuadas, como as custas de escritura e securitização, data e assinatura do contrato, data de entrega, alterações de materiais, cartório, garantias e prazos. Os contratos de compra de casa estão contemplados no Estatuto do Consumidor (Lei 1.480, de 2011), que regulamenta os deveres e obrigações do comprador e do vendedor, e no Decreto 735 de 2013, que trata da eficácia da garantia imobiliária. Posteriormente, na Lei 1.796 de 2016, foram estabelecidas as medidas de proteção ao comprador de casa própria. Essas legislações são complementadas pelo que está estabelecido no Código Civil colombiano sobre contratos, promessa de venda e negócios jurídicos para a aquisição de habitação. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo responder as seguintes perguntas: Como é atribuído o equilíbrio jurídico entre comprador e vendedor durante o processo de negociação e compra de novas casas na Colômbia? Que cláusulas abusivas foram determinadas nos contratos de venda de habitação nova? Quais são as sanções legais para a inclusão de cláusulas abusivas no contrato de venda?

Abstract: the sales contract, due to its content and its scope, determines the contractual civil liability in cases of improper practices and/or abusive clauses or unfair terms that may compromise the agreed contractual obligations, such as the costs of deed and securitization, date and signing of the contract, delivery date, changes in materials, notary, guarantees and deadlines. Home purchase contracts are contemplated in the Consumer Statute (Law 1480, 2011), which regulates the duties and obligations of the buyer and the seller, and in Decree 735 of 2013, which deals with the effectiveness of the real estate guarantee. Subsequently, in Law 1796 of 2016, the protection measures for the home buyer were established. These legislations are complemented by the provisions established in the Colombian Civil Code on contracts, the promise to sell agreement and the legal business for the acquisition of housing. This research aims to answer the following questions: how is the legal balance between buyer and seller attributed during the process of negotiation and purchase of new housing in Colombia? What abusive clauses have been determined in the contracts for the sale of new housing? and, What are the legal sanctions for the inclusion of abusive clauses in the sales contract?

Resumen: el contrato de compraventa, por su contenido y sus alcances, determina la responsabilidad civil contractual en casos de prácticas indebidas y/o cláusulas abusivas que pueden llegar a transigir las obligaciones contractuales acordadas, como los costos de escrituración y titularización, fecha y firma del contrato, fecha de entrega, cambios en materiales, notaría, garantías y plazos. Los contratos de compraventa de vivienda están contemplados en el Estatuto del Consumidor (Ley 1480, 2011), el cual reglamenta los deberes y obligaciones del comprador y el vendedor, y en el Decreto 735 de 2013, el cual trata sobre la efectividad de la garantía inmobiliaria. Posteriormente, en la Ley 1796 de 2016 se establecieron las medidas de protección del comprador de vivienda. Estas legislaciones se complementan con lo establecido en el Código Civil Colombiano sobre los contratos, la promesa de compraventa y el negocio jurídico para la adquisición de vivienda. La presente investigación pretende responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿cómo se atribuye el equilibrio jurídico entre comprador y vendedor durante el proceso de negociación y compra de vivienda nueva en Colombia?, ¿qué cláusulas abusivas se han determinado en los contratos de compraventa de vivienda nueva?, y ¿cuáles son las sanciones legales por la inclusión de cláusulas abusivas en el contrato de compraventa?

Abstract Objective To assess the influence of job insecurity and social exclusion on the health of migrant men and women working in the agricultural sector in Spain. Method Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in four Spanish autonomous regions (Catalonia, La Rioja, Murcia, and Andalusia) between 2021 and 2022. First, semi-structured personal interviews with at least 40 professional key informants or experts (from NGOs, associations, health, social services, trade unions, agricultural cooperatives, politics, and cultural mediators). Second, semi-structured personal interviews combined with participatory techniques (body mapping and photovoice) will be conducted with 40 migrant men and women working in agriculture. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study with an estimated sample of 400-500 migrants working in agriculture, based on the National Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey.

Resumen Objetivo Valorar la influencia de la precariedad laboral y la exclusión social en la salud de hombres y mujeres migrantes que trabajan en el sector agrícola en España. Método Se recogerán datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en cuatro comunidades autónomas (Cataluña, La Rioja, Murcia y Andalucía) entre 2021 y 2022. En una primera fase se realizarán entrevistas personales semiestructuradas, con un mínimo de 40 informantes clave profesionales o expertos (de ONG, asociaciones, sanidad, servicios sociales, sindicatos, cooperativas agrícolas, política y mediadores culturales). En una segunda fase se combinarán entrevistas personales con técnicas cualitativas participativas (body mapping y photovoice), con 40 hombres y mujeres migrantes jornaleros/as. En una tercera fase se realizará un estudio transversal con una muestra estimada de 400-500 migrantes jornaleros/as basada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida.

Abstract Objective To assess the influence of job insecurity and social exclusion on the health of migrant men and women working in the agricultural sector in Spain. Method Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in four Spanish autonomous regions (Catalonia, La Rioja, Murcia, and Andalusia) between 2021 and 2022. First, semi-structured personal interviews with at least 40 professional key informants or experts (from NGOs, associations, health, social services, trade unions, agricultural cooperatives, politics, and cultural mediators). Second, semi-structured personal interviews combined with participatory techniques (body mapping and photovoice) will be conducted with 40 migrant men and women working in agriculture. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study with an estimated sample of 400-500 migrants working in agriculture, based on the National Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey.

Resumen Objetivo Valorar la influencia de la precariedad laboral y la exclusión social en la salud de hombres y mujeres migrantes que trabajan en el sector agrícola en España. Método Se recogerán datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en cuatro comunidades autónomas (Cataluña, La Rioja, Murcia y Andalucía) entre 2021 y 2022. En una primera fase se realizarán entrevistas personales semiestructuradas, con un mínimo de 40 informantes clave profesionales o expertos (de ONG, asociaciones, sanidad, servicios sociales, sindicatos, cooperativas agrícolas, política y mediadores culturales). En una segunda fase se combinarán entrevistas personales con técnicas cualitativas participativas (body mapping y photovoice), con 40 hombres y mujeres migrantes jornaleros/as. En una tercera fase se realizará un estudio transversal con una muestra estimada de 400-500 migrantes jornaleros/as basada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida.

RESUMO Os padrões de variabilidade espacial e temporal da qualidade da água foram avaliados através de coletas mensais de amostras de água (superfície, subsuperfície e fundo) de 2005 a 2012. A Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada para definir a importância relativa de cada variável e Anova (bidirecional) para analisar a significância das diferenças na qualidade da água no eixo longitudinal do reservatório. As variáveis: turbidez, transparência de Secchi, tempo de residência e temperatura têm maior importância na qualidade da água. Foram observados gradientes espaciais e temporais, relacionados aos processos de circulação, sedimentação e ressuspensão, e a influência da baixa vazão, alto tempo de residência e mistura invernal da coluna d'água na ciclagem de sólidos e nutrientes pode explicar a variação desses processos. A utilização de métodos de análise estatística multivariada forneceu informações importantes para a compreensão desses processos, auxilia na interpretação de dados complexos para melhorar o monitoramento e uso das informações para os tomadores de decisão.

ABSTRACT Spatial and temporal variability patterns of water quality were evaluated through monthly collection of water samples (surface, sub-surface and bottom) from 2005 to 2012. Principal Component Analysis was used to define the relative importance of each variable and Anova (two way) to analyze the significance of differences in water quality in the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. The variables: turbidity, Secchi transparency, residence time and temperature have greater importance on water quality. It was observed spatial and temporal gradients, related to the circulation, sedimentation and resuspension processes, and the influence of low flow, high residence time and winter mixing of water column on the cycling of solids and nutrients may explain the variation in these processes. The use of multivariate statistical analysis methods provided important information to understand these processes, it helps the interpretation of complex data to improve monitoring, and use of information to decision makers.

RESUMO A calibração de modelos hidrológicos estima os valores de parâmetros que não podem ser mensurados e permite a simulação dos processos chuva-vazão. Os algoritmos evolucionários multi-objetivos podem tornam a calibração mais rápida e eficiente por meio de processos iterativos. Contudo, o critério de parada padrão usado para encerrar o processo iterativo é baseado em um número de iterações pré-definido pelo usuário. Como alternativa, o critério de parada Ticona é baseado no número mínimo de iterações requerido para alcançar um determinado número de soluções não-dominadas na Frente de Pareto, resultando em um menor tempo computacional sem perda de desempenho durante a calibração. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o uso do critério de parada Ticona na calibração do Tank Model. A calibração foi realizada em duas bacias hidrográficas, usando três algoritmos genéticos e duas funções-objetivo. Os resultados indicaram um tempo computacional 27,4% a 44,1% menor quando utilizado o critério de parada Ticona em comparação com o critério de parada padrão, ao mesmo tempo que foram obtidos resultados similares quanto aos valores dos parâmetros calibrados e à série temporal de vazão simulada.

ABSTRACT Calibration of hydrologic models estimates parameter values that cannot be measured and enable the rainfall-runoff processes simulation. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms can make the calibration faster and more efficient through an iterative process. However, the standard stopping criterion used to stop the iterative process is to reach a pre-defined number of iterations defined by the modeller. Alternatively, the Ticona stopping criterion is based on the minimum number of iterations required to achieve a determined number of non-dominated solutions in the Pareto front, resulting in a reduction of the computational time without losing performance during the calibration processes. We evaluated the Ticona stopping criterion in the Tank Model calibration. The calibration processes were performed using data from two river basins, with three genetic algorithms and two objective functions. The Ticona stopping criterion required a computational time 27.4% to 44.1% lower than using the standard stopping criterion and were obtaining similar results in simulated streamflow time series and similar values of the best set of parameters.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of appearance of head and neck tumors in dogs from Havana, Cuba, treated in the veterinary consultation of Pathology and Experimental Surgery of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology. During the period analyzed (2017-2018), 120 dogs were sampled, of which 84 (70 %) resulted positive (PCN) and 36 (30 %) resulted negative (NCN) to neoplastic cells. The diagnostic technique used for cytology sampling was fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and samples were processed by Diff-Quik Staining. A database was created from the PCN case records using Microsoft Excel (2016) software. A comparison of proportions was carried out with the following variables: presence of head and neck tumors, anatomical location, age, sex, and breed. The statistical package CompaProWin 2.0.1 program was used for this purpose. In the specific case of age, descriptive statistics were applied and cases were grouped into three age groups: ≤ 4 years, between 5 and 8 years and > 8 years. It was concluded that the most frequent PCN diagnoses in head and neck were squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma. The most frequent location was the oral cavity, in the age range over 8 years, with an average of 9.34 years, in male dogs and without defined breed.

RESUMEN El presente estudio se realizó en la consulta de Oncología del Laboratorio de Patología y Cirugía Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de presentación de tumores de cabeza y cuello en perros de La Habana. Durante el periodo analizado (2017-2018), se muestrearon 120 perros, de ellos 84 (70 %) fueron diagnosticados como positivos a células neoplásicas (PCN) y 36 (30 %) como negativo a células neoplásicas (NCN). La técnica de diagnóstico empleada para la toma de muestra citológica fue la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) y se procesaron mediante la coloración rápida de Diff Quick. Se conformó una base de datos a partir de los registros de los casos PCN utilizando el programa Microsoft Excel (2016). Se realizó una comparación de proporciones con las siguientes variables: presencia de tumores en cabeza y cuello, localización anatómica, edad, sexo y raza; para ello se utilizó el paquete estadístico CompaProWin 2.0.1. En el caso específico de la edad, se aplicó la estadística descriptiva y se agruparon los casos en tres grupos etarios: ≤ 4 años, entre 5 y 8 años y > 8 años. Se concluyó que los diagnósticos PCN más frecuentes en cabeza y cuello fueron el carcinoma de células escamosas, el sarcoma, el linfoma y el melanoma. La localización más frecuente fue la cavidad oral, en el rango etario de mayores de 8 años, con un promedio de 9,34 años, en perros machos y sin raza definida.

Abstract Background: In the last decades, the prevalence of infections by carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli has been increased. Objective: To determine types and frequency of the different carbapenemases in Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in six hospitals in Bogotá-Colombia. Methods: Descriptive and observational study, in six hospitals in the city of Bogotá, in the period ftom January 2017 to August 2018. PCR were performed for KPC, GES, VIM, NDM, IMP and OXA-48 genes, in carbapenem resistant Klebsiella spp. and P aeruginosa. Results: 52 P aeruginosa isolates amplified a carbapenemase gene, of which 39 (75%) were positive for KPC, 11 (21%) for VIM and two co-productions of KPC and VIM. Regarding Klebsiella spp. 165 strains amplified at least one carbapenemase gene, 98% expressed KPC and four isolates had co-productions of metallo-P-lactamases and KPC. Discussion: This study provides valuable information, such as the increased production of KPC in P. aeruginosa información valiosa, como el incremento de producción de KPC en P. aeruginosa and the co-production of KPC plus metallobetalactamases, which has an implication both in treatment selection, isolation precautions and patient prognosisy.

Resumen Introducción: En las últimas décadas, se ha incrementado la prevalencia de infecciones por bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos. Objetivo: Determinar los tipos y la frecuencia de las distintas carbapenemasas en aislados de Klebsiella spp. y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, en seis hospitales de alta complejidad de Bogotá-Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, en el período de enero de 2017 a agosto de 2018. Se realizaron RPC para genes de KPC, GES, VIM, NDM, IMP y OXA-48 en cepas de Klebsiella spp y P aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos. Resultados: 52 aislados de P aeruginosa amplificaron para una carbapenemasa, de los cuales 39 (75%) fueron positivos para KPC, 11 (21%) para VIM y 2 co-producciones de KPC y VIM. En cuanto a Klebsiella spp., 165 cepas amplificaron al menos para una carbapenemasa, 98% expresaron KPC y 4 aislados tuvieron co-producciones de metalo-β-lactamasas y KPC. Discusión: Este estudio aporta información valiosa, como el incremento de producción de KPC en P. aeruginosa y la co-producción de KPC y metalo-β-lactamasas, locual tiene una implicancia tanto en la selección del tratamiento, las medidas de aislamiento de contacto y el pronóstico de los pacientes.